The Pyramid of Menkaure is known as the Third Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. Known by its Egyptian name as 'Son of Ra'. Menkaure, the son of King Khafre was a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom, who is known under his Greek name of Mykerinos.
The pyramid is built with four sides, each with a length of 108.5 meters, a height of 65.5 meters, and now 62 meters after its outer covering fell. Its inclination angle is 51 ° 20′25 ″, and its entrance is to the north. The entrance rises about 4 meters above the ground, and leads to a 31-meter sloping long corridor. The angle of its slope is simple about 17 degrees. It was built of limestone, but Menkaure chose to build the lower part with an outer casing of worked red granite that was brought from Aswan through the Nile River. The granite coverage is about 17 meters high. The rest of the coverage was done with white marble stones to the height of 65 meters. At the end of the oblique corridor there is a vestibule lined with stone, leading to a horizontal corridor with 3 barricades and then the burial chamber. A wooden sarcophagus bearing the name of Menkaure with its mummy was found in it. Menkaure mummy is now preserved in the British Museum. Menkaure called his pyramid "the sacred". To the south of the Pyramid of Menkaure, there are three pyramids designated for queens that extend to the east-west of the first pyramid belonging to his wives Rekhetre and Khamerernebty. In 1837, English army officer Richard Vyse, began excavations within the pyramid of Menkaure. In the main burial chamber of the pyramid they found a large stone sarcophagus made of basalt which was 8 feet (244 cm) long, 3 feet (91 cm) in width, and 3 feet (89 cm) in height. The sarcophagus was not inscribed with hieroglyphs. Next to the burial chamber were wooden fragments of a coffin (bearing the name of Menkaure) and a partial skeleton wrapped in a coarse cloth. The sarcophagus was removed from the pyramid and was sent by ship to the British Museum in London, but the ship Beatrice sank and was lost after leaving port at Malta on October 13, 1838. The other materials were sent by a separate ship, and those materials now reside at the British museum, with the remains of the wooden coffin case on display. Later, testing using radio carbon dating of the bone fragments and coffin placed the age of the bones as around the First Century AD, two and a half thousand years after the time of Menkaure's interment, so it was unlikely that it was his remains.
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